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֮¶ԵһŲ 

ݻƼң̣һƼ˻ͫʮǰһһλӢ˫ӣ˲׼ɻ䣬ִһ𣬶мӣݳǵһμѻ 

ϧþ¶ĥ˿˸Ц 

ǰһ꽻ӵҹ岻ʣǰȥشΣؽһλߵĲԼġ 

ȫûһ޲项һд췦Īģϧǰʱ⡣ 

˻ͬľ顣صƸѻԼﶼۣ²þҪ 

һ˽ľһĬĬܣɡ 

ɻͫã˵ϾͶϡԼ˵˵ԷҲԸ֡ĲԣӲġ 

˺󣬻Ƹһ˼Ź򡢰֮ڶͫǶһ˫èۡ 

һ࣬һ糿ǰ档 

ιӣӸոպһһ˵Ц֪أ 

ˣһҪţʦͻȻͣ½ŲͫˣԼҪģϾԼ岡˶ˡ 

һͷеˡ̾£ҡͷʵءġ 

ã˱ʽ֡ͫѰˣҲǾ㲻ᣬɼ˾ҲֻЭ 





һ 





ν̻ݡҵĲиŬڵõ׿ϣͬȥ̽Զڽϵ常 

常뿪ʱһδ˶û˿ӡ 

ǰһŻһƣʵеԭ常ô˧ֱ˰һģһ 

ҡҡͷⱾڴͷ˰񰡣㣬ҪǿһӢģͿģǿ϶ˣ 

Ұָͷ㣬ȻҵŭԹĵزҲ֪常ѹôͿҲࣿĪڵӺϣ 

ҵļ򣺡ʮʱҲһʮģһֱûС㣬ҪԱڳ첻£Ժû˻˵ˣ 

ƾ⻰βƯǾ䡸ҪԱˣˡƲƲ죬ɿϽȥסԩ 

๫˵ҳúܵһϣ 

Сҳйܱ⣬иþǳϷֻҪϷݳ곡ص޵ļѧἸɣһӿ飬۴ 

һ̧ͷȴҲȦ 

ҵżּϳɣԿ뱲ҲˣҼ޽μһʮģڻС 

⻰Ҳȥѧ÷ӷҰѵ󣬷ֹͼʶֵүүɻء 

ͷҲСõĲ£ǵߵſڣҵжеĹâ 

Ҳȥ̽常ȴȻ£ʵҸжѡСֻһֻġ 

СԣΪʲôѴøң˭ѧģ𣿡 

СҡͷΪǻģ˭ 

ҵء 

Ȳߴ٣·̫һ˺Щˣ 

ǿվԭǸ᲻ߣǰͲߡۿҪ棬˷ܵ 

ｫҷҵļ硣 

С㣬ʵס㡣ԴԱͷƵغӴ췭ظڻңԱ⻹ĴѰҪǵķأ 

ǰѾǵʮ˻ذˣ¹ܵóֺãôˣ˵׼Ժô֪˵ҪȥݣұǾ˫ּ˫޳ɵģ˵Ӧ̫죬ֲȥûͬ⡣ 

޷Ӳ֮£Ҳǰҷ˵ķ£ֻô򱧲ƽˡ 

ûиԱ⻹˱£Сڡ 

ұ˵ȴǿҳšһƬֵķΧУǻߡߵ뿪 

ǰݣʵȫΪ̽常Ϊһһıѻ棬иʫı죬Ҳסݡ 

½ϵĿģֻиС֪Ȱұ̫˵ޱȣΪƽսѣŻѰұѡ 

Сô˵ǰ֮ġȥҲиѣɸ봫ֻ͵ 

ȷ϶ס󣬾档ŮӺݻ󣬾ֹţȻЩСӻΪ⡣ 

ֻĵʱһһۿȥͱСӴкŮӽС 

СӵĳʹᡣҴŮǸ˼ҵ̫̫ڿģ𡸷ɸ봫͵ 

Ϊܵǻ˼ſڴ󺰴УȥСӵ֣µȫ֪̫̫ˡ 

ҼҲ˱յһӵĴۡ 

Ȼպܴ󣬵Ȼ㽡һǵõһؽӵʱ龰 

죬һֻ׸ͣϣץһĽϰдҾ˭Ϊ졣 

ҰЦֵýҲǩˣԼ˭ԡ졹ΪŸ벻Ҫ벻ǳϣ 

ºŸĻţطҼңԴ˵춨ҡĿʼ 

 

ݣ½·ˮ·Ҫһ¡׼常ҺٷŷŸ룬졣 

дݿ㣬ޱȼ˳Ҫһݡ 

˵˳ҪˣǾ常ˡ˵常˧Ůʵĳ̶ȡ 

常Ϊֵܣȴԯޡμҵ˴ͷߡ˼ȫǱǼⴥǽμңɶͷȶûôߵĶͷԲŽС㡣˵Һ常һ©֮㡣 

常֮͵ˣϵǻࡣÿ춼ʾ常һӦԲˣͨҵæܡʱ׾ݣһ΢룬޷ҡ 

꣬ݸ̻ͫ£Ҳ常۷ƴ׷ͬұĵöദˡ 

ͫƶᣬһôԡ⣬ĸҼԺľߣ常𴲴ˮ 

һΣ⡣ΣɺϡΣˡ 

ֽסջǴҰԧĵգ͵յھߣȥҪͫ 

̣֪Ϊ常ô࣬ڶݡ 

һƫƫүү˼ؾɣһֻ͹һλȴȵϡáΪǶ仨ǴӱĹľϲġ 

ô׷ӣ̲жޡҲˣΪҵŰˡ 

ǴԺ󣬼˸ı˶Ի̬ͫȡϼҾƶգ常и 

Ƽ̣常뿪Ҽÿ¶յһž޶Ʊ 

 

Ӵݵأӭ棬ŻƸĵַҪ˻ƸҲ常ʡ 

ûߵߣͱһձĴ󲮽סӲձ 

С磬óԵձһһһɣ 

̧һֻϵձʣ͵ģ 

Ǵ¶Цݣǰǰһɣ 

벻ҪҸձõŴͣھͳһ 

ձ󲮵ɫת磬ʵôó԰ɣ 

Ҵ˸ã˵ţóԺóԣ 

óԾ͸Ǯɣ 

ȣǮ 

ϻвǮģ 

ո˵͵ѽ 

˲ͰСӸҳԴ 

ȵȣ 

ʲô 

ǰǴ 

 

󲮵һһԼ˵ҪһңҪǮһҪ˵ĳ嶯ʮƣΪϲߡҸϽ 

ںͷ׷ᣬ̯ҲҪˣҪʯ١ﲻͣ˼ҶҲǺܶɿ˿ҲΪѵس¡ָĴҲΪһչС̶ֳȣ޿ɾҩˡ 

ۿǰҰ̾оˡӾһ 

һʤ߼磬кãҶȥɣסһѱһ 

¶Ϊ֮ɫ 

ˣ 

ɣҶึһǮ 

ǧһ֮ʣڴһ֮⣬һͷ 

ڽ̫죬˳ˡ˳ýǿݷǷϺõĽػǮ˼ҡ 

ɣһоΪ˧˵ 

ոպҽľǧм֮Աͷһƨ 

洫ձ󲮵ĽǳԴСȥˣץĽ 

ôôǰڤ粻飬Сеһƴ 

̫û˴Ϊֻпؿһ˧ߣһˣݣȴҡĸо 

ͫ 

һ𣡺飡ҵĹͷҲˡʲôͫǲ常๫֣ 

ҸϽѵҴ˵ò˰常 

ҼüУ飬׼ǰ常ϣͷʹһߵ˧˵ã 

԰常ѽѵ常ǻͫժҰ 

ҿɤӣǲҪ̫ѹأ常Ӧˮ࣬Ļôףҵ˵ԽԽˬ 

ͫôףôߣϹųݣͫȴֲЦ⡣ 

ߣɣɢ˼ͥҪ 

˵ˣûзԡͫû̫ı飬˵ 

ð뵱ǧټư常ƭ֣ҪݻؼңԸԹгž֡ͳͳˤ 

һ̺꣬ϾҲϡ 

һЦǾͿЩʵǺÿ°ڸϣҶȥң 

ޣҵ״һ 

ǰ˶ԾҡϷ˸ۣ Ȼ뱩һ٣һȻҲһĥαͻֱˣҪҲաҵ常ջƵģһ 

ʲô𣿡ͫʡ 

û£ҴＷ֣һſڣձѾ׷ˣҴλ̸˵˵¿˻᳤ۣ³ 

ǺȴȻб嶯ЦݣԻͫ˵ȥɡ 

һͷŻ״Ҫ³ 

һҽϣ밵ȭ϶̫죬ûü֣ͷײ˳ϡ 

λӣû£ 

ƿ˻ͫǰ֣ɻǵãиˣӦһ 

ҡʵĻᣬƿƵԾ¡ʵȥһɲǣͿʼˡٶȼϳƵģ˺üȦͣǵΧ˹Ц 

ƨɣվѾԶȥ˿ûǿҳܵӡ 

³洦˹䣬ߵһլۡǰ̧ͷһǻƸͻȻɬɱǧĻͫ˼Ŷ롣ǺǺ꾫ȥ죬常¿꣬һ˶ؿշ 

ţͻȻ˳ܡù£˿̲˷ܣȥûһӡ 

ǲǶҴ򰡣ұˣһ㲻ҲзϡȻ˸ɧҼүҲԼƾ⸱˼ʾ˶Ůģǵʱһã 

һӱվһƯ꣬üɫĵúˡ֣ȴ󷽵壬ˬ 

ΧѵĹӸ磬һҧгݣֺֻ֪ñ첻˵ʵЩ˳Ҳ̫ô˵Ů鲻ʱأҲʧ 

вģҪǰкȻקֱһ١ȻЩ¾Ͱ˴仨ˮ̲סУãһһ 

кˣͣ˭Ҫʾ𣿡 

ڳˣ޲̿ˮŵҲҴ 

СǣǣҪϢ 

дһ΢ϮŵˣʱһһƬֻѩüĿٺڷ˳ 

ȡ˰Ļ˿ɫȴҲơ 

СǵкԸ۰ѽ̧ƸԼվſڣصˡ 

ȷ˾常뵽ղŻǺ꾫ϳ̴Լԣ 

常ƯǧҲɣ˧粻ҪƫȥɻĻͫǲ۹⣡ 

ǰʾĹǿкվſڣеֻ㬶飬кһģ򰴱Ұ̾常ݻ߻бӱݻ 

ҴӰȡŸУѸӷߡԼŵŵŵ̨ףû۵ƸŻѱС¡ 

˭ 

 

Ǹˣ 

ѽ֪ţҴģ 

һ㶼׷үḶʲôۣ 

ˣֶӣ 

ףϻػзҪأ 

ۣϵҲҳû˵з 

ڹŶһǰĽ 

СǼţҸϽó麯ûƭˣ㿴 

үĸ磿 

ֶӡ 

ƺүΪСܡ 

ҵдġ 

ˣ 

ʲô 

Ůʱûʱ 

 

ȻҳԼǳһ㣬ô˵ﻹǺơ뿪˵ˣʹҽȥСͻȻץסҵļ򣬰ƵſڵʯʨϿţסҵ֣˵㣡Ҫ˵ 

ͻȻеʲô˽ϣͷһصļƤ 

ʲô˵Ҳ̬ȳϿҵӰ 

ˣ 

ϻϵȻˣѲɻй 

ҰͷʯʨӺȥһԹԣҵﰡˣɽ˺Ҹϻżһһͬھ׳ұ顣 

Ϊʲô˵ôˣĥظԱе۰ǰǰȫϣ 

ܻظôݺݣţҲģ 

ɲȥǻᱻñѿ 

СǵһۣұȻסңֱӡſ˼״׷ 

ұСסΧŻƸլ˴Ȧ࣬խĺͬȻ㣬һͱǸͷת 

Ҹڽҷ˳£˸ӡĴºšαô׷ɱƽһθеԡζ̲סеļС 

ҪǸСûץ͹УСǰǽǣҵ 

ҲǺ£˷ܣ 

㲻ҪСǻɨ⧲ƵǽϡײǽȻַͣϡСһᣬѹʵʵ 

ַˣ 

Ŷ鷳һ 

Сǻûھܾҳ벻ңôܱѹôǱõ㱨ӦҲӦõġ 

СǸһԼǲǸüˣֻѹôѪѹҲѹˣƨɡ 

ô£ 

㡭 

ࣿѽɫģǺɫ 

СðͿҸͷȥܣȴԽԽмŽСǣǹܵҲͰˣʲôȥг 

Сӹ 

ͫҪ֣һһ;Ӷִˣ 

ϼѵң 

СѾ׷ҪĻ𣬱֤ʱȫ 

գգ۾ͷ̽ǽӴǴ˵ǮƵѽôһ˵ũƵġ 

ǰݷãҪҺүԼվĵб£Լ߹ 

СǣҪȺŽ۵ũǵðǵϿˡ 

սһ£ǽǱߵȻֹƬ̵ļž󣬴գǾͷһͬ 

ĽŲҲŲסСǵһ²ҵ飬ȻԵõһȡ 

žણһͷˤ˸ʺСǸϽջȡžʹɽĵֳŪó׳۵ɽ棬һЦֱСס񱼡 

ǴӶǽӵǽЩ˹Ȼʮ㣬ִ׷Сǣղ̫ˣɣ 

С룬ͷ˦˦ȣ˸˳ȥˤƬײ뵽Ҳٺ͵Ц 

ԽԽԽ˷һͷλϵЦѸΪ֮춯صļС 

ĸҪģ˵˳ô峵ײ 





ڶ 







ҵȰҵȶˣô 

ұ۾ʵסȾСֵǣֵ֮Ⱦ𣬲ûۣ 

ַʲô 

Ȼ˫ۣϾСǵһظֺҿûѹԭиѪѹ 

ȥٴμгСǺѱĴͷһ𣬵ǽϡ 

һƶʹ죬һһѾصš 

һµĹӸǰָСǼСҲ񣡾ϷŪǣ 

ҺСݷɵʱľһ˸߸ߵǽϡСͷϸǻˣ̾˵Ҽү飿 

˱ʵͷԣСֵ󡣬ڹˡô˵ҲðһЩѽҸɣ壬ͷͺˣʵүĵҲҪʺΣҪҪ 

˳ȱΣը˹ָСǡ 

ҺСǣʵүүòΣڶߣΪɽˣҲ֤ÿ˵ȶɽˣ 

ԭˣƵĵڸߴʵ޿̣ɤӴʵ̫ˣձĳ๫Ĳˣ˵ֻ˳ȻˣУ峵 

СǱͷңձʲô£ 

һһձҳ͵ǸҪҸŶ 

 

һЦֵ̧ԭǳձԵòʹ죡ȻǱˣǾ֮ꡣˣٸձǳԸ 

ٸձܿѵǰҴؼңһмʹ顣Ҫһ˳ȥֻ£ȿȡʵǲô 

û˵ձǣ 

˹Ȼ󷽣СҲ˳һˡͷڵϣƴձСǲ£һȴʮֻ֣ϴϢԵԭⱲǳԵģ 

ΪСһҲϵϣһ棬۵鴤һձҸǶû 

ձķ϶пǻһֻ׸롣ͻȻδı죬ûôױ˺ 

ǰСƴۻһЩ顣û˷ʹȥ£ҧأһߣǰձ 

һҲûȥһٸձȫ꣬ҶϵĲɣٸСҲѳ꣬Եʹȥڵϡ 

ԵôӼЦʡ 

ûгԱ 

˽Ե 

˵ʵձһûȥѾôˣ֪͸͵ڡ 

ӵһվɷףָҲһٸձˣˣȥ򣡡 

˵ҷûƨأǮҲòɣߣ־ͷˣۣ˷һٸձ 

ʱֻһŮָؽڵĿ졣ͷһһкһȺ̬ӷ׵Ĵ߸ 

Ϊ׵ļӸһƣŵ̧ͷͲڸȥƾҶµľ飬ԭȫǡ޹ϡ 

ͷкͿСǻСü䵹ЩСǣͷȷһ£ת򱳺ץĴ˵ҵˣǿԼ๫ʹؼȥ 

λһŤˮͰͳͳ˽Ⱥ׽๫ʱŹС˷ 

ϲģѾ˶ҳһ 

ҵôôడءĴܲ 

ҳӣҪּңҲҲҪ԰֣ 

˽⣬ܺŮԴĬĬܣ¶ɷ޳ΪһȻţȻֶ֡ 

ű׵ĺۣĪǸеģôῴأƸСʹթŹǣŽѵѵǣ 

˭ʹթŹǣСǼ޷ˤ˸ͷԼ˵㻰ð峵ײҵȣڴſڿӣҲ˭ҪϷûҵĶ֡ 

óϷʱĿұ죬˲Ȫӿһȳһյץסӵķˣţ常Ϊжȴòʤ๫˵㳯ӣҲҪ㡣㿷֮޲οӺݻ˵ 

̫̫һһѾ๫Ķ䣬սԼ𣿰 

ڸղôʺҲ֥ϣ 

һȭߣҳһɫ㱻ߡʰ˸ľŵСǱϡղкգŴ۾ҡ 

ôͻȻ֣ǣ 

ҽЩȫţʱ˱ضڸĲ¥Ҫǿиڸ߿ǻ¿϶ڴܣȥˡ 

ԸӵϰԵͦ˽ġ 

ţ˭ 

кС壬ĴôУء 

Ŷ 

ԣǸúӡҿڵĺӻôװ 

ҽ󲮰ɡ 

 

ǰˣվ㣬ˡûĳƺǰҸϽĿͶСǡ 

硣˼ձڻѣ 

ҾֳСȥžһëգ£ǲʡ£ƶᣬžžžƣ⵽ԼƷ飬Ժѹ 

ҸϽû°ɣձζͦġ 

ձ£СһѣϰڳһӣҲ֪ղ˭ô󾢣ž 

ĨĨʣô£ҵôͻȻô󣿡 

Ϊ˾㣬ġϵкָָҡ 

СŭһۣһҪɼܵӡ㰲Ҹոջˣûٴ 

Ҳˣ۾ɵٴҲûѽ 

Ҳǵǣǵ㣡 

Сһëôܰѻ޹ϡţǼ𾢣һ˸˵ԴһػƸ常˰ɣ 

У 

Ϊʲô 

ôţ˰ߵүƢ𱬣˵ҪȥѰǳ㻹Ȱκã 

ԭ常С˻ͦģΪ롣ҵͷԼȣֻţ˵ôš 

С裬æһȥιӣ 

ү˵Ϣ 

˵ιӰүֶӣȻҲ 

СԴСһһҵطҡҰЦһһͨ 

ҲСǣҪȥȣ 

̩һ 

ۣ̫ҽϵĴҲʶ 

죡̩һ 

 

ȥ̩һʱ·һʾϷͨֻҪ˷Ӿӳػ˿ˣס˽̣̱浱عٸṩϢߣ 

ϵİһƬȻҶٸƣȻͨȴдΪͽǷ´󰸵ˡץסֲܶ˷ʵڿɡ 

ȻȽŲ㣬Һùµı̲סߴֵܰҷȥСǰһۣµȿȳˣ£ҪԼȥ 

ǺεеһŻ񣬷⻭ʵ̫һð˲ 

˵ĻʦҪٺ»öְ֮ҵŻһûСѵ»ġ 

ϸΨ۾񡣺ڰ׷鶯ѡҺĶȴһ벻 

̩һҵȲûйֻۣ˾ʡˢӣ¾ͰҽˣеʹͲԶˡС˵ūţͷʱҲûҽеôҡ 

ҴûԵģͷһȥ군ˣôУ㲻ڻƸ̺ʲôʱˣ 

Сתת飬ǻһûмˣóۣû 

Сú̩һҩҷȥƸ;УϵıˡСǱԹ̩һ˵ˣ˵ȱȽϸҪЩôôɣ 

ʲô˵ȱȽϸѵǰεĲˣҶٸмˣĪ̩һǰιģɹûȡ 

רŸˤ˵ġСǵĴҷ 

ûãˣһΪǸβġԭڡ 

Ҷʱ⻰ҭŶħСǡһɫӣһɫ׼Ұ 

硭Сָָӣ 

ҿСӣ˵αôĶʵҲ˺һ鲼ΪҰ 

С̧ŭ˺·ʲô㿴ռˣ 

۾ͻȻоʶ϶ҺĶ㡭ŶŻǸͨ 

Сǰվ˵˵˭ͨҳԣҪҽ 

ôһ£־òˡȫͨĴĻֳ¡СͻȻǣӣ 

˳ָķȥֻͫЯֹ֡常һڼңղŲӢ¸ˣ˿ѱ׽ȥǻ 

ҲˣϽСС裬㵽ǽһ̯ܲǰ̽Դ͵Լ͵顣ˮİܲΪøֻվܲϣ쳤˲ 

ʲôƵģС˦½֡ 

С㣡ռͫҵ֤ݣ常ĿϽ 

ү֪ӺĹϵ 

˵ɣ常ѩô᲻֪أȻ 

ҵڶαҭסʲô常֪֪ôΪΪ 

ҳԾŴ͡أСҲζص˵ͷȷһˡ 

ſſͻȻ˽е 

鷳ƣڵͲܲ𣿴Ǯ㣡 

ǰ͹٣㲻ֻܲҵֱҲһȽȥˣ 

˵ͷһԼͬܲСֱ۰׵ҪܲԼ档 

Ϊ˽ʡһ⳥ѣҺСһٱʣܲСԭͻа硣ղſ˻Żŵ⽫ֱۻܲǲˣǮ 

ֻܲҿܲͷθƵǮˣһѵ˼㡣Ȼ㱻ƭһͭ 

һתͫѾһҲݡóд麯С裬Ըȥͫ˵ҪμҺ̸̸ 

СûӦСһۣҪҪҵĻ졣 

ʲôȥ常СˣҲӣ˵㱿ǱϻҲڣҪȥˡԲ԰Сǣ 

СǷǰƨС豻һȦͰ͵硣Ҷٸ鼬֣ƨĵ˰ɡ 

˵ɣ 

С⻰һ˵С̲ᣬ˵ʥּһѸȥ 

СииôĵĵܵܡҵСãض 

Сһ뿪СǾңָղ˵˵ˡ 

֪Լ£Ҳҿ 

㱿˵ʱҲҪעⷽʽ֪ʵ󣬴Ӳǰ˵һ 

 

СҪʱԸηС麯ǽǿֱĥ 

չź¶Ҽ뿳ЦݡС轻䣬һŤһŤؽ˲ݡ 

Сܻңȥͻͫ˵ˣڲҡߵֻͻͫһ̸ȥ˵һš 

Сȥ˰⾰ʱǺ꾫һһػͫȴӣֲΥ棬ֻĲ鲻Ըӡ 

֡ưͳԻĳ飬ҹЦֱСΪʲôٳٲȥŸϽعһһյȥ 

ʱݺݵһۡҲʡ͵ĵƣ̻ʮۡɵ̫ͣһ񣬲ûƲȥ 

ͷҵң 

ѽȣһûңҪĴѰѻͫҲңԾȡ 

ԭĶ磡 

ʲôҲŲǣ 

û˵꣬ץסͫͫոաոաءҺüۣ 

˵Ҹղŷͫüͷһ壬ҲϽסһֻ䣺ҵ˾ʣжͲ㣬ûµȵҵģ 

үǹġ 

һͷСǻҶʱɫࡣϴҪΪܱܵҲһʱѽ 

ġСǲҿúιˣүԤıõġ 

ôǰҾͿһȳӱЦô¥µ£ڴˣҲҪ˰С費֪ʱҲվ˵ϡ 

֪ƾɿ𡣿Ժ˳ܣСΪ 

ͫ˵ˣûʲô£ҶˡȻȥҺιЩ˵ 

ҵһۣһ޿ؽ˽ӡ 

ҲֳͫЦ粻Ҫ⣬˾ 

Ҳǽڽ㣡ҴеҲŲʲô磡 

ͫһ㣬ֵĪĶܣ 

ͫ壬̾ҵ常ӣʲôܣŭֶӣ 

ʲôͫ󾪣ͿȥֳʶԼ˵ף֧˵ȥ 

常Сʱ򣬲Ҳһϳɵӣؾ졣 

ҲԣϸǵͦġͫǿЦԺͫˣ֮ͽͫɡ˵ 

ͫҽ˲ݣССȻػƸһ㹩á 

ţǸͦòˣȻ㣬ö¸ңһˡ 

ºֱ⣬ʣ֪ҽ̸ʲô𣿡 

ͫΣɫأΪ£Ҫˡ 

Ҳ˵ָΪģ˵Ҫúչ常ȴҪ֡Ȼҳϣʵǣʵͦʵһˡ 

Ϊ¹常̹׵ˣ 

˵ǹȰȰڿˡǸôˣǲøҡǰЩ꣬ǶദòͻȻͲԸˡ 

ҵĿӻͫգɵϵĸϡߣ˵ʲôȫǷϻ߿ᷢ˵ļһһС 

ֵ£ġҲ֪ʲôȣҼֲϡòԷвңҴӷϳ㿴ͷ̾ץġ 

ͫ˵ÿͷչʾһεץۡ 

ԭ常ƢҲͦǿġ˭ûͫҸ㣬ңǵøץε˰̡ 

ڿҾͼСôʣҲ˵ˡͫ̾˿ʹɩƢһģһ˵Ҫ֣ 

μңԭǽ֮ҵ常СãֻȻԵ·ˡ 

ݸһ·Ҳˣһ㡣ͫ˵ţּһ𻨸ŵ 

ķģҲģϵͷͰǼڡ 

Ǹͦ󷽵ˡŹ죬߽˵˵ıȳĺֻһ֮ʡһ常㻹˵常ܺã 

ͫ˶˵ǵģҲ㡣Ժʶġ 

˵ѡǸҪ常 

ͫ̾һһѹʱģҪ̬ͻȻںеӣү˵С㹫ӳ常û֪С㹫ˣȥ 

СǵҸϽͷ˵ԣ常Ҫң̫ˣͺȥ 

תͷּװԻͫ˵Ҳ˵ģ常ڵҡҪǻأͺһȥһãǰԼ䡣 

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ӿûػƸˣ̸Ҳûã 

ʲôѾ־ˣŭ 

СǵͷүϳȥģסڻƸӪľ¥ 





 







ݵǳ֣˲ˣҸϽСȥ常һƸţ̨ͤ¥󡢼ɽʱĿСǴҹһȦһɽʱ洫Сľľ 

үү㡣šֶӡȥòã 

ȥ룬Ҳ뿴 

һ常˵һ嵽ɽһ棬л常ڣ㲻Ҫͫ 

β常󣬱Ӳ˻ȥϣڽ￴Сڴսһ常һˬŴͣµ常 

ιſʲôСڱѡ 

ջ˵Сѽǰͻˣ˵֪ҵ֡ 

常òҴΪ档ΪȡС㡹ϣҺ常һӿμҶߵò 

һˣ常ԵüΪ飬æʵû˾ҰСҲŹ 

ûû£ 

ҵĿεϡСԴ˵үĺƯŶܳͯҲ 

ô˵أ常Щ˱ȣҿСһۡСҲ 

ıƯѽС費ӵ 

˺ðĹ򣬲ŽССȥ常ͤ˼˵ԺǶܹ㡣ҺСãóҲԲ£˯Ҳ˯ţ 

һڣеͱ©ӡ常ߺҺСòųôһߣǾأҲû˵ѣʳԶ˯ᡣ 

常ûҵļ˵Ҳǰ 

뵽ұ۲ѣ常㲻õģͫҲҪ㣬ҵһû꣡ 

ң常ͻȻվ˭˵ģҲҪ 

ڹˣڽ⡣̾ˣ𣿡 

ҡҡȻҲа常ֵոҲˣôŶ׷ңһûˣ 

˰ˣ˵ǶҪˡ⼸꣬ǲǶûͬˣ 

īɫͫƲ常͵һңûƵϡ 

찡ԭ־ô 

СӼңôôɫҲ̫ˡ 

Ұ͵Ц常ͦġݵʮ꣬òû̫ı䡣С˵常Ѿ֪ĴڣұӶʱһᡣͥߣսپǾסʹʹĵ 

֪ͫ£ֱ˵ʡ 

֪常ҧͻȻʼ磬һνӣ˵ǣҺá 

ޣĸУǸȵ㣬ֱģͫϲʳ 

һ꣬ϽҼ֡ôܽʳأ˵常ģ๫üʳ 

Һ常û˵Ҫˡʲôʱȥһߡ 

ãһ֮ǰд飬ѻͫˡȥҲ˵㲻Ҫġ 

飿Ǹˣ飬Ժ˭Ҫ 

ѽҵɵ常ô㣬㻹 

ҵȻùܡһڣ常ԼҲòףָĿڵҲȫһ˵ĴҲǼܻӭҶãͱһӴ˭ˣ 

û뵽常Ϊˣ˴ȡСǳػá 

ӶùУСȥԷʱҺ޲ϳȥŰںƣһСŰŵֻð֣һƵȥ÷ 

ӴúܣֵҲ常ͬϯǳԵ治ɫһֱ常ͬԷ 

үʹʫ˵ջոպáЩֽľյûС¿ӣŻ㱨 

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Ƹľÿ춼Ľ߸үʫǵĺ⣬ЩžСǱ˵ҷֵۣ˵ǰȰѷȥ絽ˡ 

⻰һ˵꣬常æ롣СҲԵذ̧̧ĿȻͣѧ֪࣬ʲô¡ 

εЦЦΰзȫ̸ɾˣſڣЩб˶常İⰡ 

ѲҵȻ룬ܿҡŪ˼ҳûӡ 

СײϲԵģүһ㰡 

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Сǵҵ棬Ƶв˸常Ҳ常ϲʲôֶȴ֪СģˣҲʢһ˵常ǰ 

ƨǰͷˣҲæɫգĿ궨һֻлϡҪȥУϾһ˫׼ἦ 

һ̧ͷСͶսĿ⣬ⲻᶨҷӮɵǺ˫ӣɱѷ֡ 

ߣոտʼ¹˭ֻһأ 

ȿȡ常ȻҲͨ졣 

常үôˣǲǱҭˣҺСǼΪĬʵ·ɵС 

̵ǣض˵ллҺСһߡ 

㣡ʲôȣҪиүԵģСûĵضȸ״ 

㡭ǰ涼˺öΡ֧֧ؽ 

үȿ 

ʱС边ɵض常常ĽɣҺСǵϣҲ 

常ԣѹɤ˵Сʵ⣬һŰ衢Ŀˣﻹе۵ӣһƴʵأ˵ˣ̫ӵҲ޹⡣ 

⻰ԴζΪֺ常ҲֻжԲֵˡ 

常һۣ˵СеףָԺҺϲҺСȽģ˵Ļȫö 

ûɹ常˵˺ûＫΪˬԹһڻƸͥԺǡʾмǡһˮţͣһֻŸ롣 

ϳҺŸ룬ǰʱһϿץʵҵŴ𣿡 

뵽ٶ࣬Ҳشұ㲻ϻֱȡϵֽ֣ݣҺܸж鷳ϣһȽǾԼ棡 

죬㾿һأҲ²鷳һƽ 

ţŷŸ룬ʱ硣²˳ֻ뵽ҪߣǣС֡ҲŻȸԾ 

ѾˣҽСǵǿɫӣһƼ˵ķҷ 

ôʵõģСӲǻϰɡҪǾ̫ˣһҪ󳼣 

ҹ˾ʱãʲô롣һСˣҲܰɸ߸ϵĻʵ̲ۡס߸裺춹춹ͷ꣡꣡ 

ֵСҲС߽ͥԺһҲĸ裬ⶺ鲻常ˣ 

һһԱߣʵȥ𣿡 

ҶʱסĪǸոдʱˣЦңɫҺûС 

ⶼûȥСһУת˵Ҳûȥ 

һô꣬ûȥ 

ʲôô꣡ҺСȥģ˻ƸԺһֱүҲûȥ 

Ͱ͵ӣұ󷢴ȱʱûϵȴ˵ܻȥģʱͽŴһ𡣡 

ºڷߣˣʻĴʱСǣһϵӣʣ£Ҫʵң 

СӣɫͻȻһ䣬֣صѵ㿴ˣ 

ʲô⻹常ѳ˳ȣҪ֡ͻ֮ͫĸһܿ 

Ҫͱս죡Ҫ壬·ײˣҲŹСкȻ֮⡣ 

Ҳ常߳Ҳ˵˾壬常ҲɱΧ֮ڣ 

С¼һ̧ͷʱûǰ࣬˿̱ԭΣŵģС 

ûºֱʵ֪֪常ͻͫôŪ 

ʮǮҾ˵ʵ 

ǺܲԸΪ˽һʵʵذʮǮС 

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ҵز𡣾ڹ컯գºڷ֮ʱƭǮơ׼վȥ常Ƕ״ƭֿ˿ڣ˵ǸһʱܺáȻүеٶۣӻǺǨͻȻ䣬үͳҪӷ֣ȫˡ 

ҽŵ常ٶۣҿԽܡȫˣһʲô¡ͫô񵽴ӦҪ֣ 

ȫӣԹܶ෽򲻿үһŴҡ 

Сǵ뷨ıϡ常ŲɣĸϵҰ¾ģһҪͻͫƾԲ 

常ʲôۣҪıһǵ߳Լ󡣺οݺһûú˴ķ羰ʤ˽Ҫһλ˧飬ֱ֣ 

һˡСһֹȻڲͬСǰ棬ʱʱعͷٻ˵ö˶ڿҮ 

ҺСһһҵذ常м䡣Сڣһذ常ǱС㵱ȻԿְ常 

һһ常ʹü·ͶĿ⣬Ʋѣ˵ǰŪʹˡԼߣҪǷˡ 

һѿӣ常С׷ǰС裬һΪȡ常ĳ谮ҺСȴھСϣʱơ 

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ҹһںһ衣˵а۵ؽšţ֯Ů 

常Ϧʱû͹ͫ 

Ӫ˺öУʲôҪ͸ʲôȻ̱常ﻹǴź 

ûϵǽһѸյһжʹ飬һŰˣܻߡ 

߻ҲᣬҲҡ 

ҪᣡǧٿףȻǰѪظһһ߷ġ 

⣡㵱үǸܲСѽҪǮҪѣӦúúѧѧٷ죡СˣͻȻ졣 

Ӻɷȥѧ壬ҪЦСǵϣϸӦûᣬ常 

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С²常߳ݣҺСǰȥһǣһ˾к䵶Ūǹɱȥò̼Χ˸ƽкá 

̫ˣôСʹôãԺ϶ҴкСȴϬλͶء 

ôСѧ飬ôСζ˵ 

ҲΪյСź 

СһеĴ죬ߺȵͯˣǹ߹·ҪҶһ 

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常ĵذеȫûСҸ׼ȥȴСߵȺеλС㣬үڼҿĸ⿿ѡλСôСݣϲӦøǮҲθʵģǮǮ 

Сôһһ˳ǮⲻҶĿ࿴ 

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һعкȥɲǣƾǿʯͷͰѹùǺһСûѪɫôһȥӳоллˡ 

ŮȥۿҪѪȳ棬常Сѧҵӣס۾ȴֶָ͵͵档µȻһöִ֮ϵϣס֣ 

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˵ĴӡСǼ״һšŮ֣ҲΪã书㻹ҵĶ֣ 

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һ常ӺȻ˺ΣӣҲˡ㲻Ҫġ 

ҼæסСǣ취Խܣ 

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ȻڱоϲһֿҺСǡŪ˼ҳ˼ 

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˵ϷԡСǳ 

ǾǣϷԣϷԡҸ˵ͻȻָоЩŤСǣͻȻ䣬һ㲻һ󣬺ˡ 

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ʺ֪÷ܵܽɡĸ˫磬һЩȭŹֻܽΪ 

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常ţͫ¥Ϥˡ鷳ȥϽܵΪıݲʹһ˵̸꣬常óһ· 

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常ּۻ۱һڻؾͻͫ磬˴˶ѱ̫ã´򿪣ƱҪһġ 

СǣҲҵĻ𣿡ֲˣ常תСǣһ˫ˮ 

Сϲֺ常ѳֲסæ֣һ£Ҫ¡ 

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Ҫҵʲôʱ򣿡Сҧгݵ 

ҵͷһѽʲôʱܵˣֲҸоʲôأ 

Ҫүȥ 

СҪ˵ҲʱҺСǵŭĿ£ԹԵվ˱ϡ 

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Ϊ常ĴҺССƵĶ㵽ֽǡ 

廹ϵˡ常ʲô£һͫйء˵ͫʱǷɬʹţһſνʵ顣 

常ڽ¥ǾбԷϳһװ磬ԭĿױһ̫ŵģС䱿ģɣŪŪֻش˸ŮС̺򣬺˵˵Ҳϰͷӡ 

ҶӰ̫ˡױԺûϵóСǣүҸ˸񵣱 

û˸񣡡Сŭ 

 

ҵһôСĲ鲻Ըװͷһץһ̷꣬س¥ȥ 

๫ȵȣôģҪݾݺã·мһζҡءڹŮСĲ£Ǹȥ 

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ǣŮСǶ¥һ̨λáװΪɹ常վҲûϳǡ 

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ѽⲻιʲôˣ 

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СҴıŷɢͷע๫ͺøɣ㵹ˮҡ 

ͷʵǷ̣ܽȻ̧̧°ͣһһٽһ飬Ҫÿ 

ŮĺġС費ظҷһ衣׼䣬̻ϽͣǸƹүɫŶ 

ͷİۿȫ̼ƻҪʧܣ常ʱϣ 

Թһͫġ 

ϰ¥ϣΪ£ 

常ͻ֮ͫ£¥˶֪˿̣常Ҳ 

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ԭҲʹôƯĹӣҪǰˣǻ˵ãƹԵߵﲻЩ 

˭˵ҪңͨͫһˡԷ¶Ϊѣ常һת̽ǲϼң 

ƹͰ͵⵹ǡֻǻϰڻͣ²̫㡣 

ʲôҪȥûô̸Ⱑ 

ƹ̾˿̸⡭ιӣ㻹ذɡ 

ҵͷѯСǣ֪ͫ˭𣿡 

СǸҪڣֻ̨ǰžһ常͵һӣ˵ջƵǲ 

ƹŵòᣬס˵ιӰôͲءʵƾȫҵһ 

ߣǺǺǡһҲ֪жأ 

常ı飬ǿջЦһ˦䣬֣صͲҪҪһ 

ǸӲˣƢһĬĬ߳¥Щĵſǻ 

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ʮӣѽ 

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ƹȻǸŵˣһӣ͹٣¥еҲⱾ⣬ҪûǮǲң 

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ϷŮ¶ҪˣָʮС檣ֻʧͳλȥҿ 

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ʱС赽ǰƹƵʵ죡ǲ죿ʱʶһдʲô 

С¶תתµ죬Ҿ졣šһǰšһǰʶһţд˾䡺Ҿ˭ 

ҵۿͻȻʪ˵ܼǵ̫ҸжˣҲ죬˵Щʲô 

С˦С֣ѵ죡 

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죬˵ǵһμʱߵǰ 

˴˲еİɲǼһֻлһһ˿ϣ̽С衣 

Сͷ磬ҪڣͱСǵɵǰһһ˵ҵС衣 

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һĵʵС裬С谥ҽʵʵֻܱܡ 

ʶˣСڱϴߵС裬һȥҸѡġ 

С磬ҪϹӳԷվؾСǡ 

үӸոеɫʱҪǲ빬ٽͣǾǰˡ 

ԽлƸ۰æ 

ƸۣȫЩûмҵĹ¶ѸǶʶ֣Ѱ 

һһִֻȫһСӸôУοҲҳȥԷǲǣ죿 

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ҪҪȥҸ磿С̧ͷҡ 

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ǺãҪ̶⣡С˵ţһСҪ⡣ȡһ飬Сĵ͡ 

ɰȻһ㣬֪Ҫһ顣 

ֺǺǵظ˸Ǯ˵죬ϲԵĻǿҲøˣ 

ûԡСϸذ̶ãŽڴҸԵģϲݵĵġ 

 

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Ҹں棬ϸʣǮõֽȵ׼ҪϹʱɬ 

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ΪʲôȥƵꣿ̫ 

С˵ʱһҹ㳵ʧأ͵ײһĿˡ 

˵ʱ٣ʱҸ׼סڱǡҹĴԾһס˾Ϳ㵹ҹ㳵 

ؿڣС˵Ա㡢̫ϻˡ·̯ãɲûн־͡ 

Сͷ룬Žɡæˡ 

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ʱʧܣ϶Сҿץֻ档ҵһģҼӶԿ׼ӡսöϸ첲Ȳ˵ǷСһƨծ 

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СӱʵԭأԴ˵㡣 

ʲôңֻһֱ㣡ҼҰȥıѣѰҲˣû˵ҪҼҲ 

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ⲻռС˺һֻ˵ǿ룬̫óˣ 

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ҺиʶԴŵĸӣǶǸء 

С̬˴ɣҳʵ죬һҷдһʫ˵ˡ߲ʫûһױóʱ˸Ρ㻹ǵμʲô𣿡 

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㣬ҵǰѡʫǰʮ׳һ飬ղˣӷ㳭顣 

һƲϽСϣϸϸذ󣺡СǣĲ飬ѧʶôҲٶˣС裬еΣաȥ常ͫ˵飬ҪϿ˺òã 

Сбɣ˵ʵϿ£ġûƸ۶ʶЩǴΣҪΪ㡣 

ΪңĪʡ 

죬벻һ𣿡СͻȻקҵ֣ʵ 

밡αôࣿڲһ 

һЩ飡 

δ̫ԥһ£ֲһ⣺Ϊʲô 

Сǰһû˵㾹ȻôһС¶ԸΪȥ̸ʲôһ𣿡 

ɫȻҶʱʹѣҲ˲ϱģæյСǰҶҶΪȥ 

СһŤͷ˵ˣҲǿ㡣˽һ仰Ѽûаġ 

ٺͿҲö仰æСǵ˭˵ģ㲻ҪԺȫġ򶫣ҾҹҾ 

СǵͫͻȻһ£һ 

ûպãͷ˵һײڴϡûҴۣСǵ˫Ѹȵ޷ֻǰһͷһ˸ҸϽȥ 

𶯣˵ȫҵģ 

ǣͷʹ 

ҽڡ 

СɰҡȻĴ㣬ҲðԵȻһ·ǵҵĲˡˣ̲סˣ̫ˡ 

ʹңСң 

СطſҡȻ֪Լ֪ܲأʱˡ屾ܷӦû 

ǿ˵ԲԲʵ˲ӣŵҲ㲻ţ׿ 

Сְ˵죬¡ 

ŶСϴ 

ʵҲǼ򵥵ĻƸۡ 

֪㻹ͫ常Ĵ֣ 

 

СһڣҹԹԱ졣һ쾹Ȼô飡 

ϴοöӡ£ͨӡ¡ǵϵҲ˵СǶ˶٣ŵҡǵĻϡ 

ŶӦһ 

㲻ʲô𣿲𣿡СǾҡ 

ҵûСҪСһࡣΪúˮǣԹҪ˵Ҫ빬д㡣 

޻ؾǻ 

Сһ£֣СǣʵҲܾáƽʱѧʵǵİ 

㲻˸ġ 

ûԼһ޳ɣ޴־Ȼ񰮴ʵǳҲ± 

С㣡СͻȻУһ֪ǲңԲԣ 

Сӣأҹ򾲣ϵϣûв㰡ôҲϵãҺţ 

СһȻ˵ˣԺᶮġֻ׼˸СҪȥҲһȥЩսĿð˸Сǰ֡ 

һȸԾ˺ð졣СǺãǵǻϡҿģҪһȥԺҪֺ 

 

ӺһǶһҶСۣⲨԵĺϣһ治磡ҵĸоȴơˬ 

СǣΪʲôҪ͵ǣһһֻһȥòɧŵȲطɧ 

꣡Сסҵ죬Сһ㣬ҪСͰ˸ 

֪ˣ꡻оںһСޣ 

вʵֻССϰڴ˵ЦһͱһšСǵĴСϱһ͵͵زïܵĵط 

˸˵һҪһģȻѽ̾˵ 

Сбһۣ˵С̫˰˸磬û˱ 

ͷֺõģѾ϶ֽšڴ˸ʱһ˸ͿСǰֳӢۡΰɷһˡ 

죿 

 

ڰ˸СĴ˸Ϊʲôǻܻ룿 

õǸϸ˺һľмֻе˺룬Ż䡣 

ŶԭˡСǵͷôˮ 

ϻﻹûˮ𣿡Сһ 

˵ﰡ˵ǵĴôôˮ 

 

ҵһñղ͡ˮû˽ףˮðݣصǸβؽˮ 

ٺ١ʱûͦ׼õˡ 

С㣡СĻһܾܼɸߡô죿 

ҨˮӣˮٱƴСҲæϧֵֻвһۿС۾ҪȻסСǣˣҲӾ 

һ䣬ȫȥұǺһˮȻо˫ֽұס 

Сǣȿȡˮ̫ˣ 





ھ 







Լоֻϸ֣ḧҵĶͷһץסߣСǣҲӾ 

סָһ£Ȼѣ 

常Ҵһȣ常һôߣСأҺˡ 

常Цʻҵͷ˵Ӻһ˲ˮҽ˰·ˡ 

ˮǰı龰Ҷʱ˵常ޣء常ոպòţСǵĴ䶴ôԼСأ 

ԣûˣ¸ҵĺӡҪޣ 

ұ常ʹӡȻЩԾ常ʲôʱزˣ 

ûϸ룬ֻ˴󺰣˵ҵϷ 

ɿ常գգۣһſվŮŮˡеһСѾͷ嵽ҴǰԺ˴󺰣֪ͼ˴ۿ㲻š 

һѸĿ¶Ҫ̻ˡӲЦҲңҲŲҪŮأ 

û˵꣬һӾһȭһµռ˱ˣ˵ 

ϸƤ⣬ôһȭȻڴϡ 

֣ǸʲôСֵӻôˣ 

ӱ常һѵ̵ͷ֨Ұ̾常ʱôһӵͳͳ죬ѵ 

ڴװСǺȻܽҵԭˡﲻ𣿡 

æסСǵĲӣ˵Ǽڵش̰ҵϷŮ 

˵ûУǴҶۿˣִһֱ꣬常˻ȥ 

ҿӺ常´ܵ常㿴һÿ° 

ڳ˶ųɣΡ 

Сң죿ոҲֻţûʲô 

Сǣ˼뵥һòã常ͫİˡżҲΪɣ 

ûиоƽʱʲôͬ 

Сˡ 

СͻȻǺŭС㣬ôĵӣҽ㣡 

һ̧ף̵ſ常ֻسһЦ 

㣿˵常㣿 

ҽСָָǰĴˡ 

常 

ˣһһŮȫͬˡֻǳѣСһһ־ 

ˣҼ۾ֱֱضСǵĽ㡣 

Ҫ常ȫλĿŭټһ￳ˡСǵĽ򵭵һЦ˵ҽ㡣СǶ˵ˣԭиúôĹӣлһҪ 

˿̣ҲעķǻƸ᷿˵ƾɾɣЩԺ 

㿴һʱ޷ܣƽشһȺˣ˳ȥֻҺСǡ 

ҴϣͻȻի˵иĹﳤÿ常ȵŮŮ빬;У⵽㡣·Ĵڡ 

ҲҪ㡣СǸղ˵Ľ㣬ôСǡ 

Ҿ 

Сǻϣǰֱǹǣצ 

ҽСȫֽһ󣬵óһۣκһժȥҵԴˡ 

СǷɿطϣ§ҵļ磺ô׼ң 

ҺȻ𣬳ʶСʱѰ˻ư 

ŻưҪҵ˾С裿 

Ҳǹ㣬ʱڸضǰѰҡ 

ŶǻϣСǸ̫ࣿ 

ҵܵܡ 

ֻһңСʵ۰ұ˵ǰһֱץ֣һ·ƯҽĹ˾Ȼԡ꣬һֱѶطꡣ 

Ҷһ·׳Ưʾɻֻһ·û̫˳ЦСľȻʵСǣǻϣô常ˣ 

СҵĶͷһ£̾ǰҪӻش㡣ûչ˺һֱǸ⡣˳ٳûнӻءº󣬲ĸɴڸ֣Żɱӵˡĸһ̫խҲ游Сݴ䣬үĻΪϵԾͽ˻Ƹ 

Сüͷ۵ںˣǽԲˡ㻹ǵдҵĵһ𣿡Сǵĳʶһһ档 

Сǽҽ§˵죬ҪһֱңһӰûɸѵʼչڻڳµµΪ졻Ϊϣ⣬ʧҡ 

ŻдҾ˭ 

СûлشҵסҵĴص˱ 

ֻЩ͸һСǣ𼱰ҰҪ˵˵ˣ 

ⲻһֱҪ𣿡 

ɶĻʵԲſңȻѹ¡ 

ҡУ 

С̧׿ң֪ﰵһ͵ʮΡлóˣ 

ôࣿҼǵáֻʮΡǻϣƾҵ֡ 

죬û뵽ҲôףʲôŵԡСʵȻˣҵĻġ 

æ˵˼ֻ뿪һ¡ƾҵ֣Ҳðеľ㣬ð̧̧ȥ档Ȼ㲻Ը⣬ˡҲֻѡ 

治һˡ 

ƲƲ죬ͶСǻʹǲкܶأ᲻λҪʹࣿ 

СʵͻȻְұ죬СС㡻ǲΪɣڽһͻǳ 

ǰСС㡻ΪμҳҺ常ͳͳͷܸߡһ©֮㡣ۣûҼˣǿɲͨĸߡҵã߽ͬһ㶼߲ףͷסˡ 

Сʵһߣң֮ܶ㲢̫빬𣿡 

ҵͷ֪ĪСǰ 

ʵʼݱǰ뽫λ˸硣ΪӢϣģճ 

԰԰˸绹ǸŮǵżͺ̶ó 

Сһҵ죬˵˸ȻıԣС裬ֻƽӡҵ˸ʵԸڿֻжԲ˸ˡ 

˼Ҫλ˸磿Сǣƽʱôģ˴ˡϾҲֵһȻΪ˽ɽĿôԲҸӲ̯ 

벻һ޾ܹ͢ƣ 

롭Ȼץסҵ㣬ҿСǰ˵ҪҪػƸ常ͫᵣĵġ 

ѾôĹȥƸƽʱ˵Ҳô֪䡣 

ҵͷСǻĿ˯ȥԺظоСҵգᣬ䵽ϣ͵ʮΣֻóΡδβʧ֡ƽ 

 

ĵԡʲôߵȪݣǾʹشˡ˵طǵ豸ªԱӡν̸Ц޺壬԰׶ 

˵𣬵ʱȥʹ·ǡ档ʱѼȫ޴ӣɴǱݣڽ⿪һԡ 

˵ԡӴºʿĴԺ޼ҿɹˣﵱҡޣԡֻм 

һϣͻȱ⡣Ҳ˯ˡһ𣬵ˡҪȥڱʬ׵ڣһһؼѶС 

ȻʽĴ֮磬ҺСһͬʡҲǷȥһ˯ذ塣 

һҹҷȥ˯š᷿˷Ҫ²ɡ˽ǧһ˯ҲûС 

Сǣ˯𣿡ҳĿ϶Ͽʵ 

Сǰ¶شĵãߡ 

ûãҸǺһǧˡ 

Ǿںֻ򡻡 

СǵķһһĬһֻ򡭡 

 

ֻ򡭡 

 

ֻ򡭡 

˵Ϊԡס޵ĵطªпԭĻϴĵطҲ̶ã޿ˡ 

濴ԡԡΪеԡֻеԣŻ֪ж졣 

˵ԡҺСǱһ𵽹õĴԡˮ̡һԡ裬ֻټԡˮƮһɫ塣 

һⶫеˣҲԸȥ 

СʹѡСԡ衣 

ҰЦøСԡʺϴԧԡһ軹ûϴС㣬ԡˮѱĶֵָѷ졣 

Ρֻȥϴԡԡʮľͷˮѣһǲõġ˵ˮߡ 

ߵһľˮѣһӣӿ͸ˮӱϼΣһ 

ѵûˮ𣿡췢ɧһϵӡ¿ɺãˮһӿҼһ 

죬Сһ㣬ûбţСǹеҡ 

ûţǱˡԼؿڣˮѡ 

Сǲģѡ۾һΧ˺Ȼɢ 

죬ˮãСǸ˵緢ֱء 

Ҹߺһܹȥ鷳ԶԶûнǺòҵʵˮѣʹʹϴ裬ֵĻӣ̻ԣԼ׺ݵĿⶢҺСǣ޲¶пǸϿϴá 

һϴüΪƣҺСǴ·߳ԡֻһֻ輱ææ߹ 

ҺĽסȻȥϴ裬˺ö࣬԰Ͽ 

һͻȻĥÿֱ죬ŭˣǲһ㣬ûԣɱûѣ 

ҿȥãٸ֣סСǵ˵ǳԷʲôΪҪȥϴ衣 

С̲סЦ˼һҵĶͷǰܸˡԺûǰҪѱˡ˵ˡ 

ĪظСȥãŻȻֻϴʢˮģԷʢ˵ġ 

ԡķ˳а˻ʳ͡ԶΪۣһҶˣ˵Էû˼˵¸ҽƣ 

һƬ㹰ΪһûӦ常ġŮӰ桹Сߣš 

һֳͻȻĿҲҸ˵һ˲ļžͻȻһӣ˶һ 

˵һʮԲҹ 

ʽˡƤٻŮĻ꡷ȴ¡СǶԴ˼ΪУŵö㵽һŶСһ§סһֻʾ˵Ҷ౧һ 

һ˵꣬ˣ˭пֲģһ 

̽ϣ˵ 

ҽСѧáéվʱйŹֵͳͳ˵һ顣˼СǸñҴޣĸʴҲҪ˵ 

СǸղ˸߼Ĺ£ٺ£ʧ˵һ㶼ֲҪա˵꣬ϴͷǰ£һֻסңɤ˵С㣬ʱѵûˣ 

ŵ۾һȦϽסСǣ䡣 

Ц˵˻˵ģһδֵһڿݾֻھװŵΧİղҳ˵ǿھס˹ڶֱȳʱ֪еģû⡣ 

꣬緹 

ίͰ˵Ķ̡ԡģĸûж̴ 

Һʵôԡģ 

裬ͳ˼ڣ׵˵ƱۣƱҹȥһҾ¥ӣԽԽ嵭Һϰȥǰ취Ϊ¥룬ӦһЩóųзĵС 

С˵ĽܺðӦǣ 

γûгңּϰֱҼ¥֮ƻĴʩһޣν֪ĪҲ 

㻹ʲôҼһŻ 

ϰһͰҴˡ 

ֵȽѰζͳͳð̾ƿһɴ̣ʧ䵽˼㡣˿̣һŭӵ㿲ҵʲô 

һ½Ŀת̱һšüڰұǹϣڼ˳齭һ֦ν˼˰Ժĥ˫֣աûϵǳ˻黨ǲݣרЩ˼˰Ůˡ˵ž 

æοСǿҴ˴ûж£ɻͥóôʣʲô 

ҶŴ˰ΣСǶ˵Ҳ˵ѵˡǴƣһֻӬĶͷ˵ᱻô˳һ֦ 

СҲҧҵĶ䣺ֻ˵һ֦û˵ʲô˵֦ò軨 

ҲҴЦֻƴšԼȣ沿ֳ鴤顣 

̸ԼĲ⣬̸£ءҺߵһСӲ˵ôᣬôҲ˴ԡ 

һھô˻ʵòףԡȫǷ 

С̧ͷҿ϶࣬ʧԹ˵СŮӵ컨ۼˣԲǶ𡣡 

СȻԱŲȥЦǺǡڲûУ 

λҪǺ£ȥ𴦣컨ҪȾġ 

컨ʲô˲Ҷʮˡ 

Сһң˵ôԼ컨ʮص𣿡 

ô죿ЦǵС֪ů 

ǣСǾڿ컨ŮԶλãĵţָоձ 

ˣ׼ٽĵˣȻҶҵԡҪˡΪҸ߸һ 

ȻЩһһŵ÷ϰϽɢʳ͡ 

ĸ治ôʵʵ˵ 

ǹƽģò˫ȫǸ質Щ˵իĸŮĿ¸̳ġ 

е常Ưȴ̫ͫôȦӡҪöˡ 

Ҳ˲ٿ˵дҽ߸裬Щ˵׷ǿòɣŷһ 

Թ˷һֿƾ֡С͵͵ˣ˵ǡۻСϥϣЦСǣ󹬵࣬ϵǶࣿ 

СһҵĶͷЦýթ 

ҡֻʡΪڳԴף 

֪㲻Ǵ̳ӣǴ׸ӡ 

ֱɫŲǣ£Ϊҵиѣʮü˶ûҵšȻ࣬һҲҪ 

Ҫ޵ܸѣ 

ǻˣһߣǰϣѿǸʵˣҪúýܡʺɣʺ󲻴ĸ¡һϵ 

죬ܵƤŶСӲػḧͷһûĻȥ󣿼ҲĸǰѡģҪǲ⣬ 

ͻȻھֻסСǵļ򣺡㿪ЦСǣһ˵Ҵ㣬ôСһܻ鷳Ү 

СʱͰ˸糳ܣһ֮·ҪҴ빬Ըȱ˼ĥҲǻ£Ҿͺһͬݡ 

Ǻǡ㻹ð졣ѽĻǸӣ 

죿 

 

ôʶС費ģ 

ӺʫСһ⣬Ľ˵ŵֻС׸룬˵òԸӡСǵˣ벻дʫʱǸΡ 

׷ɱһͷ˵̫ͬΣ 

Ŷͷڻıʫˣǣ֮ǰһ¡ 

СѯԭѹϴȥСǵĴôġġƵգ˵˴ֻӦУ˼ĵüţ 

ʫȻ޴СϲؽϲеĴһ׸Һüءҵϸ꣬˵С㣬ʵͦġ 

Լǲǣ֪Լó죬ȥѧû˸˴ʫ 

Ŷʲôʫ 

ߣǰޣʫƣ㳤úд⣬첢ı⣬Ů洷Ƣȥû㣬˭кӵ 

С󣬱ȥǿ̼òת˵Ҫͬ̺ҵܹܣߣʱôߣ˻ˡܹܶ󺰡ҪٳˣⱲֻߡڳһ㣬ͬʮʮȴഺפ 

ģ˷ܵʡ 

Ϸԡο㿴ҲǺϡС㣬ϸ֮£үͿЩ㻹⡢ƤЩ㡣 

Ҳң̧̧١˵꣬ҿĵܵߣһˮϸա 

ۣ˭ѽԼŵӰɵЦ˲¶࣡ʮˣڲŷԼԭǸӣʵ̫Ǳˣ 

ƾƺѷֳʤҶصᡣΪұһˮɻСǰǿϢ 





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˯ڲ֪Уˡǧ򡹴أڻл㱵ȥܹ 

УɫɫСߣرڻСǶЩȭţĻȭǰ˿û֮ءһ־ס޷ܡעҡ 

ЦнСϴһŤͷһӵˣһصҡ 

ʶղ˷ܹͷ̸˵̫Щƶۺ첻ѡ 

ٿǣ᷿ܳҴϴ˰ԡ˲ˣСǺҲСҺشչȥһѾͨҵǡ 

˸磿СҲЩȣ֮ƽߵϰ˸ǰ˵ҺСҵ㣬ѶԹȷǵĽ㡣 

ϰȻûϵҺСǣ˻ʺ򼸾䡣СǺѹϰ㹰˵˵ܳˣ 

Ц𣺡ԭǰ˵ܣȻ˵Ӣһ˲ţ 

Цˡϰ˵ЦݺһֱϢû뵽ŶѾҵ㡣 

Զ̧һΡС˳ææպֻƻ 

ôģ˸Ͼǳ谮Сߡ 

ףԭŸСƽţյˡӺүǲⴳ˻±׷ɱŲһظС迿ڰ˸ϣ˿˵˵ҵ 

ȥͷ΢Ц˵Сܣ 

үС趢½۾㴩ô͵·֪ģ 

ЦСȥ˵С裬ϴⲻүǵĴ㡣 

Сգգ۾βӦһ䣺үе𣿡 

뵱ͷһؼ㣬Ҳ˺ô󾢲Ż񣬸οС衣Сǡ˸硢ܵĽ˵С常㲢ͬһˡ 

Ľۣҵķ䡣Сԣ˵㻳 㣬ҶʶֺòãҶ鲻࣬ǱЦ 

Ҳʶֻܶ֡ὲ¡衣Сһѡ 

ԭὲ¡裡Ůû˼һһҾ˯ 

ģ㽲Ĺ¡ĸ裬һ˯šһ϶˵ 

С͵͵һ£ЦȻҵ㣬ʵԸѴɡʰʰǻؾˡ 

ֵǰһ䣬ܼǸûػʹعˡ 

šһҧ´˼ľģ˵ллһһȥ䣬˴˴ʹã֮ˣȴһοھӪһԡʵ᲻١飬ҹҪҲο 

һϯ˵ҼơãȻŮӣ 

ֵЩԾҲ廰㲻عǾͲҪݿ𣿡 

˸һӦһȣ˵ѾҲһСǴʲô鷳ͨݸңһ 

ϰ˵л 

˸С˵ŶѸԶ䡣ʱؾƳҲΪ׼ˡ 

СǿϵֱһȻ˵˸磬ʵҲˡ䡣 

ʲô㲻˭ȻǣʶԣŶҪһ𣬴ɽӻعλǸʴģɲλˡ 

ΪҪСǹ˸ϣܰСߡҪǰӻعֳʲôˣ 

òְĿתϣؽ㣬ôȥںЩƺǲǣ֣ 

ǺǡǣҼʵشЦ 

 

УҪõ֪ͯǧҲס빬ҡ 

ֵΪ˻λչ˭֣ûáС裺ܰƽŶ 

û׷ҵġС躦Ц׷ҾŸ 

׷ġ 

˵ǾŸ׷㣿 

׷ҴЦ 

 

ĵ⣬ϰϾ˽СͬȻؾǣλˣλ 

ְôЭ΢Ц˵֣ŶԺͰˣƢ̫ãЩҪǨǡ 

εصͷоԼƺһֻɽ 

ҺСܽվͲסˣһ̻ؾϰǣС֣һ뿪ԡ 

ûҺСǣԡ׾սƾ֡һƨ⣬ʹͷСǣôð˸Ӧܻλģ 

Ҷ˵Сͼʣһֱ뽻ѡҪǰ˸粻ϣȫ֮ͽžͻѩƬһɵССǿûӦס˵ôˣ᲻ѽҪһؾλٻ䣿 

常ͫĸոأҵüලŲСοʲô빬ҲŲ뵱ǸҾ˵ 

ڻƸһ 

֪ΪΣͻȻֹ˭֪ƺ׻᲻һȥ 

˵ʲôСվðԭ㲻ֻʫˣúɳӰˡĶ𣿡 

ҸϽٰ죺ǲǣ֪㲻ֶ 

ҲǶ 

˵Ǹ 

Сŭʲô 

Ҫ𣿸ոǿ󣡡ίԱŲŲСԶһЩɤСʵʶĴֱסң 

ʵһγǰӺǷ⣡ 

⻰˼ע˵˴˱˴ˡ 

סͻȻЩСǵͺ𣺡죡Ҫ뿪£Һúÿ㡣 

СʵϸϸʱҪǡҲ֪Сǿ˶ãһ飬Ϊֹ 

Сǣܲͨͨڣȥһ¡ٸ 

ӣô˵ȥ 

˼ұǿһȳһյéȥ 

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ҹСһԡһֱ¡󣬸еޱȣϳ̶ȣԼŵǰԡԡͳͳߣʹʹϴ˸衣 

ڶ죬ҺһԡͱСǡ 

ҪˣŶСҵͷ 

˭˭ˣŮˣҾ˵һŮ˵Ļǵ 

С˵һҵĶͷһ¡ 

Ů˲ûУֲֻֿ˵㷢˻С̷ֿׯصرȭ˵һ·˳磬أ 

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صƸӹƽˮ常յССĴǹţѹһͫһ壬ֺõ罺ᡣ 

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ﻨ㣬Ϯˣȴһؿͷ 

常ͫأôԷãһڽұһСѾѯʡ 

Ѿһ죬ϸ˵ү˴أҲڷ㡣 

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ӺүܺãŪġ 

û˵常˵ǻҵˣŭô˵ҲǿˣȻѿڷҲ 

ҹҾȥ常һγ̸һ䣬֡常ң̽ҹȥ 

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ȥһֻֽд֣ԸڵԸΪ֦ 

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ҷֽ˱ˮȣסˮͷ˾ľĿ֮һͿԸģԼĸҲӽȥ 

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ڸʲôϷأͫȻŽ 

СڽҸʫʡ常һЦȥ𡣡ҽûдã´ٸ㿴 

Ұ˼ԭǣҪõ̫飬˿ۺ졣ϷɿＫȲˬ 

ôˣҲ˵ˣһһξͺˣд۾ۻˡִͫ常֣Ӥһḧ 

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ͫҲΪ㿪ôң 

Ҳǹ㣬ҲҪҵĻ 

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Ϊӻսգϵڶճһ𡣻䱾Ҳڷԡعһ£˺ʱ 

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ʥּΪʲôʥּСǣز 

ЩվԭأܶƸɧּֽңΪ˭ܵñҿ죿 

СôҪʥּ״Ԫ𣿡ͫʵ 

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ʥּȻǿϴӲ¶СҲ˴ 

Һͫ常ߵſڣֻƸƺƵ˰ˣֵİնƸҲ¹ΨһɵɵվšС 

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ͻȻһϸǰȥȴˡһƼ߸ߵܹܡЦϽ¡ 

ܹһֻӣȡһֻ׸롣 

Ÿ룡ҾСֻҺ촫Ÿ롣 

ͫӾʥּ常ɻʵ 

ǻϺС塣 

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ת常ͫ˵ҪȥСǣϿܲһĪҲ˲϶ӽͣæС̫ȥ 

е˶ں棬С̫Ҷתת߽һСӡͻȻʵ˭ 

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Ǹˣ 

ѽ֪ţҴģ 

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ףϻػСǡҪأ 

ۣȻСǣӦûˡ 

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С̫ǼţҸϽóСͨŵûƭˣ㿴ıӦý졣 

죿˵ֻʮ𣿶ʮ꣬Լˣ 

 

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ͻȻⷬԻޱȶ죬Ȼ𣬵һСʱ˵⼸仰ֻʱҵ常 

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汿ڲŲ³СǺݺݵһڡ 

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磬ҵѿ㣬˵ۣǾǊѽȻᡭ 

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ʮĹ⾰㷨ǧ졣С뿪ݺҵӾȻûһı䡣ʮȴͬչڡÿݼļе֪常Ҳˡ 

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ѭ귢ϵ£ڱ䱾ϡһʮĹȴǸ衣 

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ģСǸ硣۾ܺáСҩζ˵簡ҵķþŶ֨֨ˡµģ 

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һǰӻ￴һ˳!ֺòã 

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ǰѣ첻ҪϽ֡ 

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ǵ죬ͭףƬ߽ؤܶ棬֡ 

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ðСһŤӣӳһӣ󣡡 

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ϳȥңׯһȣл̰ϡ 

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ӳֺҲֳȥ 

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Ҳ˵ԳСǹȻḧҵ˵ڼﳪͺˡ 

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ǰǰС仯ҲôȻɵɵģ˲١żˣͿʼˡ 

С㣬үûţ 

常ͫײˡͫڽϴѴ㵱常ȥǣ֣󺰡񡻣ͫʹһ١常ԩѩ 

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ǲң 

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Сǳͷ״ǰɡ 

Ҿ˵ô᲻šСý˸ѣ˵㷴ԡȥˡ 

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ôˣո㻹ǲ𣿡죬οСŮӼң 

治֪˵ʲôáСңһϡ 

ǰҲǱѣ㻹Ƕôá 

Ϊɵɵ 

ʲôɵɵûиôҰһˣ㾹ô˵ҡҲ 

շɹһֻ׸룬һҳ֮ΪСǳ֮Ϊ 

Ϊ 

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